Community-engaged research and conservation initiatives of the Himalayan salamanders in eastern Nepal

The Himalayan salamander (Tylototriton himalayanus) is a threatened amphibian of the eastern Himalayan region. In Nepal, the species occurs entirely outside protected areas, making its populations particularly vulnerable to habitat alteration, pollution, land-use change, and other human pressures. Despite this vulnerability, basic information on its distribution, habitat use, and threats remains limited.

This project focused on Ilam District in eastern Nepal, an important stronghold and type locality for the species. Through field surveys and collaboration with local communities, the project documented salamander occurrence across different habitat types, identified major threats affecting their habitats, and generated baseline information to support future conservation planning.

Community participation was central to the project. Local residents contributed knowledge about salamander locations and joined field surveys, while community and school outreach programs helped improve awareness of the species and its ecological importance. By combining field research, local knowledge, and conservation education, the project has established an important foundation for long-term Himalayan salamander conservation in eastern Nepal.

Objectives

• Conduct baseline surveys in Ilam District to document Himalayan salamander distribution, habitat characteristics, and major threats affecting the species.
• Assess habitat conditions and human-induced pressures to identify priority areas and conservation needs for Himalayan salamanders.
• Engage local communities in field surveys and conduct awareness programs in communities and schools to strengthen knowledge, participation, and support for Himalayan salamander conservation.